From 54ab6f39cd509023248bac87d9a1cd5cf8485bcf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Arleen Mackerras Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2025 13:06:01 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Add The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive --- ...tated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md | 76 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+) create mode 100644 The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md diff --git a/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d62f83 --- /dev/null +++ b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +
Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python library designed to assist in the development of reinforcement knowing algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are specified in [AI](https://my-estro.it) research, making published research more quickly reproducible [24] [144] while providing users with a basic user interface for connecting with these environments. In 2022, new advancements of Gym have actually been moved to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146] +
Gym Retro
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Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for support knowing (RL) research on computer game [147] utilizing RL [algorithms](https://skilling-india.in) and study generalization. Prior RL research study focused mainly on optimizing representatives to fix single jobs. Gym Retro provides the ability to generalize in between video games with [comparable](http://185.254.95.2413000) principles however different looks.
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RoboSumo
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Released in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robotic agents initially lack [understanding](https://git.chocolatinie.fr) of how to even stroll, but are provided the objectives of learning to move and to press the opposing agent out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial knowing process, the representatives find out how to adapt to changing conditions. When a representative is then eliminated from this virtual environment and positioned in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the agent braces to remain upright, [suggesting](http://221.182.8.1412300) it had learned how to balance in a generalized way. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor [wiki.whenparked.com](https://wiki.whenparked.com/User:HoustonConway) Mordatch argued that competition in between representatives might create an intelligence "arms race" that might increase a representative's capability to work even outside the context of the competitors. [148] +
OpenAI 5
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OpenAI Five is a team of five OpenAI-curated bots used in the competitive five-on-five computer game Dota 2, that discover to play against [human gamers](http://52.23.128.623000) at a high ability level completely through trial-and-error algorithms. Before becoming a group of 5, [pipewiki.org](https://pipewiki.org/wiki/index.php/User:MatildaGoodchap) the first public demonstration happened at The International 2017, the annual premiere championship competition for the video game, where Dendi, a professional Ukrainian gamer, lost against a bot in a live individually matchup. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had found out by playing against itself for two weeks of real time, and that the knowing software application was a step in the instructions of producing software that can handle intricate tasks like a cosmetic surgeon. [152] [153] The system utilizes a type of support knowing, as the bots discover gradually by playing against themselves numerous times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an enemy and taking map objectives. [154] [155] [156] +
By June 2018, the capability of the bots broadened to play together as a full team of 5, and they had the ability to defeat teams of amateur and semi-professional players. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in two exhibition matches against [professional](http://coastalplainplants.org) gamers, however ended up losing both games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five defeated OG, the ruling world champions of the video game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibit match in San Francisco. [163] [164] The bots' last public look came later on that month, where they played in 42,729 overall video games in a four-day open online competitors, winning 99.4% of those video games. [165] +
OpenAI 5['s mechanisms](https://wiki.vst.hs-furtwangen.de) in Dota 2's bot player shows the difficulties of [AI](https://bikapsul.com) systems in [multiplayer online](https://nepalijob.com) battle arena (MOBA) games and how OpenAI Five has [demonstrated](https://www.panjabi.in) the use of deep support learning (DRL) [representatives](http://121.37.138.2) to attain superhuman skills in Dota 2 matches. [166] +
Dactyl
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Developed in 2018, Dactyl uses machine learning to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robotic hand, to control physical items. [167] It discovers completely in simulation using the same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI took on the item orientation issue by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation technique which exposes the learner to a variety of [experiences](https://site4people.com) instead of attempting to fit to reality. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having movement tracking electronic cameras, likewise has RGB cams to allow the robotic to control an arbitrary item by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI showed that the system had the ability to a cube and an octagonal prism. [168] +
In 2019, OpenAI demonstrated that Dactyl could resolve a Rubik's Cube. The robotic had the ability to solve the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube introduce intricate physics that is harder to model. OpenAI did this by enhancing the toughness of Dactyl to perturbations by using Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation technique of generating gradually more hard environments. ADR varies from manual domain randomization by not requiring a human to specify randomization ranges. [169] +
API
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In June 2020, [larsaluarna.se](http://www.larsaluarna.se/index.php/User:MaryjoDahl5566) OpenAI revealed a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing brand-new [AI](http://www.jimtangyh.xyz:7002) designs established by OpenAI" to let designers get in touch with it for "any English language [AI](http://124.222.7.180:3000) task". [170] [171] +
Text generation
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The business has promoted generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172] +
OpenAI's initial GPT model ("GPT-1")
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The initial paper on [generative](http://182.92.163.1983000) [pre-training](http://47.120.57.2263000) of a transformer-based language design was composed by Alec Radford and his associates, and published in preprint on [OpenAI's site](https://kollega.by) on June 11, 2018. [173] It showed how a generative design of language might obtain world understanding and procedure long-range dependencies by pre-training on a varied corpus with long stretches of contiguous text.
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GPT-2
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Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is a not being watched transformer language design and the successor to OpenAI's original GPT design ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was announced in February 2019, with only [restricted demonstrative](https://pantalassicoembalagens.com.br) variations initially launched to the general public. The complete version of GPT-2 was not right away launched due to concern about prospective misuse, consisting of applications for composing fake news. [174] Some experts expressed uncertainty that GPT-2 presented a substantial risk.
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In response to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence reacted with a tool to find "neural fake news". [175] Other scientists, such as Jeremy Howard, warned of "the technology to completely fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would drown out all other speech and be impossible to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI released the complete version of the GPT-2 language model. [177] Several websites host interactive demonstrations of various instances of GPT-2 and other transformer models. [178] [179] [180] +
GPT-2's authors argue unsupervised language models to be general-purpose students, shown by GPT-2 attaining cutting [edge precision](https://wfsrecruitment.com) and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot tasks (i.e. the model was not additional trained on any task-specific input-output examples).
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The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains somewhat 40 gigabytes of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with at least 3 upvotes. It avoids certain concerns encoding [vocabulary](http://47.105.104.2043000) with word tokens by utilizing byte pair encoding. This permits representing any string of characters by encoding both [specific characters](https://woowsent.com) and multiple-character tokens. [181] +
GPT-3
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First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a not being watched transformer language design and the follower to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI stated that the complete version of GPT-3 contained 175 billion parameters, [184] two orders of magnitude bigger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the complete version of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 models with as couple of as 125 million parameters were likewise trained). [186] +
OpenAI specified that GPT-3 prospered at certain "meta-learning" tasks and could generalize the function of a [single input-output](https://aquarium.zone) pair. The GPT-3 release paper provided examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer knowing between English and Romanian, and between English and German. [184] +
GPT-3 significantly [enhanced benchmark](http://funnydollar.ru) results over GPT-2. OpenAI warned that such scaling-up of language models could be approaching or coming across the fundamental ability constraints of predictive language designs. [187] [Pre-training](https://sea-crew.ru) GPT-3 required several thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of compute, compared to tens of petaflop/s-days for the full GPT-2 model. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 trained model was not immediately [launched](https://inspiredcollectors.com) to the public for issues of possible abuse, although OpenAI planned to allow gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month complimentary private beta that started in June 2020. [170] [189] +
On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was certified specifically to Microsoft. [190] [191] +
Codex
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Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a [descendant](http://git.zonaweb.com.br3000) of GPT-3 that has actually in addition been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://zamhi.net) powering the [code autocompletion](https://git.corp.xiangcms.net) tool GitHub Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was launched in personal beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the design can create working code in over a lots shows languages, most effectively in Python. [192] +
Several issues with problems, style defects and security vulnerabilities were mentioned. [195] [196] +
GitHub Copilot has actually been implicated of giving off copyrighted code, with no author attribution or license. [197] +
OpenAI revealed that they would cease support for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198] +
GPT-4
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On March 14, 2023, OpenAI revealed the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), capable of accepting text or image inputs. [199] They revealed that the updated technology passed a simulated law school bar test with a rating around the leading 10% of [test takers](http://koceco.co.kr). (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 could also read, examine or produce as much as 25,000 words of text, and compose code in all major programs languages. [200] +
Observers reported that the version of ChatGPT using GPT-4 was an enhancement on the previous GPT-3.5-based model, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained a few of the problems with earlier modifications. [201] GPT-4 is also efficient in taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has declined to reveal different [technical details](https://recruitment.econet.co.zw) and stats about GPT-4, such as the accurate size of the design. [203] +
GPT-4o
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On May 13, 2024, OpenAI revealed and released GPT-4o, which can [process](http://119.130.113.2453000) and create text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained advanced lead to voice, multilingual, and vision standards, setting new records in audio speech acknowledgment and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) benchmark compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207] +
On July 18, 2024, OpenAI launched GPT-4o mini, a smaller version of GPT-4o replacing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT user interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be particularly helpful for business, startups and developers looking for to automate services with [AI](https://www.hijob.ca) agents. [208] +
o1
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On September 12, 2024, OpenAI launched the o1-preview and o1-mini designs, which have actually been developed to take more time to consider their actions, [causing](https://truthbook.social) greater accuracy. These designs are particularly effective in science, coding, and reasoning tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Staff member. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1-preview was replaced by o1. [211] +
o3
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On December 20, 2024, OpenAI revealed o3, the successor of the o1 reasoning design. OpenAI likewise unveiled o3-mini, a lighter and much faster version of OpenAI o3. As of December 21, 2024, this model is not available for public use. According to OpenAI, they are [checking](https://socialpix.club) o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, safety and [security scientists](https://edu.shpl.ru) had the chance to obtain early access to these designs. [214] The model is called o3 rather than o2 to prevent confusion with telecoms providers O2. [215] +
Deep research
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Deep research is an agent developed by OpenAI, revealed on February 2, 2025. It leverages the capabilities of OpenAI's o3 design to perform comprehensive web surfing, data analysis, [engel-und-waisen.de](http://www.engel-und-waisen.de/index.php/Benutzer:JuniorBowser22) and synthesis, delivering detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to 30 minutes. [216] With browsing and Python tools made it possible for, it reached a precision of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) criteria. [120] +
Image category
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CLIP
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Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a model that is trained to examine the semantic resemblance in between text and images. It can notably be used for image category. [217] +
Text-to-image
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DALL-E
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Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer design that produces images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E uses a 12-billion-parameter version of GPT-3 to translate natural language inputs (such as "a green leather handbag shaped like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and create corresponding images. It can produce pictures of practical objects ("a stained-glass window with a picture of a blue strawberry") along with items that do not exist in reality ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). As of March 2021, no API or code is available.
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DALL-E 2
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In April 2022, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 2, an updated variation of the design with more practical results. [219] In December 2022, OpenAI published on GitHub software application for Point-E, a new simple system for transforming a text description into a 3-dimensional model. [220] +
DALL-E 3
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In September 2023, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 3, a more [powerful design](https://tube.denthubs.com) better able to produce images from complex descriptions without manual timely engineering and render complex details like hands and text. [221] It was released to the public as a ChatGPT Plus feature in October. [222] +
Text-to-video
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Sora
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Sora is a text-to-video design that can create videos based on short detailed triggers [223] in addition to extend existing [videos forwards](https://tiktokbeans.com) or backwards in time. [224] It can produce videos with resolution up to 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The maximal length of created videos is unknown.
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Sora's development team named it after the Japanese word for "sky", to signify its "unlimited imaginative potential". [223] Sora's technology is an adjustment of the innovation behind the DALL ยท E 3 text-to-image design. [225] OpenAI trained the system using publicly-available videos as well as copyrighted videos licensed for [systemcheck-wiki.de](https://systemcheck-wiki.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:Monte35P2532) that function, but did not reveal the number or the specific sources of the videos. [223] +
OpenAI demonstrated some Sora-created high-definition videos to the general public on February 15, 2024, specifying that it could create videos approximately one minute long. It likewise shared a technical report highlighting the methods used to train the design, and the design's abilities. [225] It acknowledged some of its shortcomings, [consisting](https://www.opad.biz) of battles replicating complex physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT Technology Review called the presentation videos "impressive", however noted that they need to have been cherry-picked and may not represent Sora's common output. [225] +
Despite uncertainty from some [academic leaders](http://www.evmarket.co.kr) following Sora's public demonstration, notable entertainment-industry figures have revealed substantial interest in the technology's capacity. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler Perry revealed his astonishment at the innovation's ability to generate reasonable video from text descriptions, citing its prospective to transform storytelling and material production. He said that his excitement about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had actually decided to stop briefly plans for expanding his Atlanta-based motion picture studio. [227] +
Speech-to-text
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Whisper
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Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model. [228] It is trained on a large dataset of diverse audio and is also a multi-task model that can perform multilingual speech acknowledgment in addition to speech translation and language identification. [229] +
Music generation
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MuseNet
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Released in 2019, MuseNet is a deep neural net trained to forecast subsequent musical notes in MIDI music files. It can create songs with 10 instruments in 15 designs. According to The Verge, a song created by MuseNet tends to start fairly but then fall under mayhem the longer it plays. [230] [231] In popular culture, preliminary applications of this tool were utilized as early as 2020 for the web psychological thriller Ben Drowned to develop music for the titular character. [232] [233] +
Jukebox
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Released in 2020, [Jukebox](https://git.pyme.io) is an open-sourced algorithm to create music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a category, artist, and a bit of lyrics and outputs tune samples. OpenAI specified the songs "reveal regional musical coherence [and] follow traditional chord patterns" but acknowledged that the tunes lack "familiar bigger musical structures such as choruses that repeat" which "there is a substantial gap" in between Jukebox and human-generated music. The Verge stated "It's technologically excellent, even if the results sound like mushy variations of tunes that might feel familiar", while Business Insider specified "surprisingly, a few of the resulting tunes are appealing and sound genuine". [234] [235] [236] +
Interface
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Debate Game
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In 2018, [larsaluarna.se](http://www.larsaluarna.se/index.php/User:RosauraYcm) OpenAI introduced the Debate Game, which teaches devices to discuss toy problems in front of a human judge. The purpose is to research whether such a technique might help in auditing [AI](http://ods.ranker.pub) decisions and in establishing explainable [AI](https://git.yingcaibx.com). [237] [238] +
Microscope
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Released in 2020, Microscope [239] is a collection of visualizations of every substantial layer and neuron of eight neural network models which are often studied in interpretability. [240] [Microscope](http://git.bkdo.net) was produced to evaluate the features that form inside these neural networks quickly. The designs included are AlexNet, VGG-19, various variations of Inception, and different variations of CLIP Resnet. [241] +
ChatGPT
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Launched in November 2022, [setiathome.berkeley.edu](https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/view_profile.php?userid=11926756) ChatGPT is a [synthetic intelligence](https://starleta.xyz) tool built on top of GPT-3 that supplies a conversational interface that allows users to ask concerns in natural language. The system then responds with an answer within seconds.
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