refactor: 重构数据库相关操作

server/src/Database/Connection.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+using DotNext;
+using LinqToDB;
+using LinqToDB.Data;
+
+namespace Database;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 应用程序数据连接类，用于与数据库交互
+/// </summary>
+public class AppDataConnection : DataConnection
+{
+    private static NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
+    static readonly string DATABASE_FILEPATH = $"{Global.DataPath}/Database.sqlite";
+
+    static readonly LinqToDB.DataOptions options =
+        new LinqToDB.DataOptions().UseSQLite($"Data Source={DATABASE_FILEPATH}");
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户表
+    /// </summary>
+    public ITable<User> UserTable => this.GetTable<User>();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子表
+    /// </summary>
+    public ITable<Board> BoardTable => this.GetTable<Board>();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验表
+    /// </summary>
+    public ITable<Exam> ExamTable => this.GetTable<Exam>();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源表（统一管理实验资源、用户比特流等）
+    /// </summary>
+    public ITable<Resource> ResourceTable => this.GetTable<Resource>();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 初始化应用程序数据连接
+    /// </summary>
+    public AppDataConnection() : base(options)
+    {
+        var filePath = Path.GetDirectoryName(DATABASE_FILEPATH);
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(filePath) && !Directory.Exists(filePath))
+        {
+            Directory.CreateDirectory(filePath);
+        }
+
+        if (!Path.Exists(DATABASE_FILEPATH))
+        {
+            logger.Info($"数据库文件不存在，正在创建新数据库: {DATABASE_FILEPATH}");
+            LinqToDB.DataProvider.SQLite.SQLiteTools.CreateDatabase(DATABASE_FILEPATH);
+            this.CreateAllTables();
+            var user = new User()
+            {
+                Name = "Admin",
+                EMail = "selfconfusion@gmail.com",
+                Password = "12345678",
+                Permission = Database.User.UserPermission.Admin,
+            };
+            this.Insert(user);
+            logger.Info("默认管理员用户已创建");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            logger.Info($"数据库连接已建立: {DATABASE_FILEPATH}");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 创建所有数据库表
+    /// </summary>
+    public void CreateAllTables()
+    {
+        logger.Info("正在创建数据库表...");
+        this.CreateTable<User>();
+        this.CreateTable<Board>();
+        this.CreateTable<Exam>();
+        this.CreateTable<Resource>();
+        logger.Info("数据库表创建完成");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 删除所有数据库表
+    /// </summary>
+    public void DropAllTables()
+    {
+        logger.Warn("正在删除所有数据库表...");
+        this.DropTable<User>();
+        this.DropTable<Board>();
+        this.DropTable<Exam>();
+        this.DropTable<Resource>();
+        logger.Warn("所有数据库表已删除");
+    }
+
+
+}

server/src/Database/ExamManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+using DotNext;
+using LinqToDB;
+using LinqToDB.Data;
+
+namespace Database;
+
+public class ExamManager
+{
+    private static NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
+    private readonly AppDataConnection _db;
+
+    public ExamManager(AppDataConnection db)
+    {
+        this._db = db;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 创建新实验
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="id">实验ID</param>
+    /// <param name="name">实验名称</param>
+    /// <param name="description">实验描述</param>
+    /// <param name="tags">实验标签</param>
+    /// <param name="difficulty">实验难度</param>
+    /// <param name="isVisibleToUsers">普通用户是否可见</param>
+    /// <returns>创建的实验</returns>
+    public Result<Exam> CreateExam(string id, string name, string description, string[]? tags = null, int difficulty = 1, bool isVisibleToUsers = true)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // 检查实验ID是否已存在
+            var existingExam = _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == id).FirstOrDefault();
+            if (existingExam != null)
+            {
+                logger.Error($"实验ID已存在: {id}");
+                return new(new Exception($"实验ID已存在: {id}"));
+            }
+
+            var exam = new Exam
+            {
+                ID = id,
+                Name = name,
+                Description = description,
+                Difficulty = Math.Max(1, Math.Min(5, difficulty)),
+                IsVisibleToUsers = isVisibleToUsers,
+                CreatedTime = DateTime.Now,
+                UpdatedTime = DateTime.Now
+            };
+
+            if (tags != null)
+            {
+                exam.SetTagsList(tags);
+            }
+
+            _db.Insert(exam);
+            logger.Info($"新实验已创建: {id} ({name})");
+            return new(exam);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"创建实验时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 更新实验信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="id">实验ID</param>
+    /// <param name="name">实验名称</param>
+    /// <param name="description">实验描述</param>
+    /// <param name="tags">实验标签</param>
+    /// <param name="difficulty">实验难度</param>
+    /// <param name="isVisibleToUsers">普通用户是否可见</param>
+    /// <returns>更新的记录数</returns>
+    public Result<int> UpdateExam(string id, string? name = null, string? description = null, string[]? tags = null, int? difficulty = null, bool? isVisibleToUsers = null)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            int result = 0;
+
+            if (name != null)
+            {
+                result += _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == id).Set(e => e.Name, name).Update();
+            }
+            if (description != null)
+            {
+                result += _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == id).Set(e => e.Description, description).Update();
+            }
+            if (tags != null)
+            {
+                var tagsString = string.Join(",", tags.Where(tag => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tag)).Select(tag => tag.Trim()));
+                result += _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == id).Set(e => e.Tags, tagsString).Update();
+            }
+            if (difficulty.HasValue)
+            {
+                result += _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == id).Set(e => e.Difficulty, Math.Max(1, Math.Min(5, difficulty.Value))).Update();
+            }
+            if (isVisibleToUsers.HasValue)
+            {
+                result += _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == id).Set(e => e.IsVisibleToUsers, isVisibleToUsers.Value).Update();
+            }
+
+            // 更新时间
+            _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == id).Set(e => e.UpdatedTime, DateTime.Now).Update();
+
+            logger.Info($"实验已更新: {id}，更新记录数: {result}");
+            return new(result);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"更新实验时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取所有实验信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>所有实验的数组</returns>
+    public Exam[] GetAllExams()
+    {
+        var exams = _db.ExamTable.OrderBy(e => e.ID).ToArray();
+        logger.Debug($"获取所有实验，共 {exams.Length} 个");
+        return exams;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据实验ID获取实验信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="examId">实验ID</param>
+    /// <returns>包含实验信息的结果，如果未找到则返回空</returns>
+    public Result<Optional<Exam>> GetExamByID(string examId)
+    {
+        var exams = _db.ExamTable.Where(exam => exam.ID == examId).ToArray();
+
+        if (exams.Length > 1)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"数据库中存在多个相同ID的实验: {examId}");
+            return new(new Exception($"数据库中存在多个相同ID的实验: {examId}"));
+        }
+
+        if (exams.Length == 0)
+        {
+            logger.Info($"未找到ID对应的实验: {examId}");
+            return new(Optional<Exam>.None);
+        }
+
+        logger.Debug($"成功获取实验信息: {examId}");
+        return new(exams[0]);
+    }
+
+}

server/src/Database/ResourceManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+using DotNext;
+using LinqToDB;
+using LinqToDB.Data;
+using System.Security.Cryptography;
+
+namespace Database;
+
+public class ResourceManager
+{
+    private static NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
+    private readonly AppDataConnection _db;
+
+    public ResourceManager(AppDataConnection db)
+    {
+        this._db = db;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据文件扩展名获取MIME类型
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="extension">文件扩展名</param>
+    /// <param name="fileName">文件名（可选，用于特殊文件判断）</param>
+    /// <returns>MIME类型</returns>
+    private string GetMimeTypeFromExtension(string extension, string fileName = "")
+    {
+        // 特殊文件名处理
+        if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName) && fileName.Equals("diagram.json", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+        {
+            return "application/json";
+        }
+
+        return extension.ToLowerInvariant() switch
+        {
+            ".png" => "image/png",
+            ".jpg" or ".jpeg" => "image/jpeg",
+            ".gif" => "image/gif",
+            ".bmp" => "image/bmp",
+            ".svg" => "image/svg+xml",
+            ".bit" => "application/octet-stream",
+            ".sbit" => "application/octet-stream",
+            ".bin" => "application/octet-stream",
+            ".mcs" => "application/octet-stream",
+            ".hex" => "text/plain",
+            ".json" => "application/json",
+            ".zip" => "application/zip",
+            ".md" => "text/markdown",
+            _ => "application/octet-stream"
+        };
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 将二进制数据写入指定路径
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="path">目标文件路径</param>
+    /// <param name="data">要写入的二进制数据</param>
+    /// <returns>写入是否成功</returns>
+    public Result<bool> WriteBytesToPath(string path, byte[] data)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(Global.DataPath, path);
+            var directory = Path.GetDirectoryName(filePath);
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(directory) && !Directory.Exists(directory))
+            {
+                Directory.CreateDirectory(directory);
+            }
+            File.WriteAllBytes(filePath, data);
+            logger.Info($"成功写入文件: {filePath}，大小: {data.Length} bytes");
+            return new(true);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"写入文件时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 从指定路径读取二进制数据
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="path">要读取的文件路径</param>
+    /// <returns>读取到的二进制数据</returns>
+    public Result<byte[]> ReadBytesFromPath(string path)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var filePath = Path.Combine(Global.DataPath, path);
+            if (!File.Exists(filePath))
+            {
+                logger.Error($"文件不存在: {filePath}");
+                return new(new Exception($"文件不存在: {filePath}"));
+            }
+            var data = File.ReadAllBytes(filePath);
+            logger.Info($"成功读取文件: {filePath}，大小: {data.Length} bytes");
+            return new(data);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"读取文件时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 添加资源
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="userId">上传用户ID</param>
+    /// <param name="resourceType">资源类型</param>
+    /// <param name="resourcePurpose">资源用途（template 或 user）</param>
+    /// <param name="resourceName">资源名称</param>
+    /// <param name="data">资源二进制数据</param>
+    /// <param name="examId">所属实验ID（可选）</param>
+    /// <param name="mimeType">MIME类型（可选，将根据文件扩展名自动确定）</param>
+    /// <returns>创建的资源</returns>
+    public Result<Resource> AddResource(
+        Guid userId, string resourceType, string resourcePurpose,
+        string resourceName, byte[] data, string? examId = null, string? mimeType = null)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            // 验证用户是否存在
+            var user = _db.UserTable.Where(u => u.ID == userId).FirstOrDefault();
+            if (user == null)
+            {
+                logger.Error($"用户不存在: {userId}");
+                return new(new Exception($"用户不存在: {userId}"));
+            }
+
+            // 如果指定了实验ID，验证实验是否存在
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(examId))
+            {
+                var exam = _db.ExamTable.Where(e => e.ID == examId).FirstOrDefault();
+                if (exam == null)
+                {
+                    logger.Error($"实验不存在: {examId}");
+                    return new(new Exception($"实验不存在: {examId}"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 验证资源用途
+            if (resourcePurpose != Resource.ResourcePurposes.Template &&
+                resourcePurpose != Resource.ResourcePurposes.User)
+            {
+                logger.Error($"无效的资源用途: {resourcePurpose}");
+                return new(new Exception($"无效的资源用途: {resourcePurpose}"));
+            }
+
+            // 如果未指定MIME类型，根据文件扩展名自动确定
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(mimeType))
+            {
+                var extension = Path.GetExtension(resourceName).ToLowerInvariant();
+                mimeType = GetMimeTypeFromExtension(extension, resourceName);
+            }
+
+            // 计算数据的SHA256
+            var sha256 = SHA256.HashData(data).ToString();
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(sha256))
+            {
+                logger.Error($"SHA256计算失败");
+                return new(new Exception("SHA256计算失败"));
+            }
+
+            var duplicateResource = _db.ResourceTable.Where(r => r.SHA256 == sha256).FirstOrDefault();
+            if (duplicateResource != null && duplicateResource.ResourceName == resourceName)
+            {
+                logger.Info($"资源已存在: {resourceName}");
+                return new(new Exception($"资源已存在: {resourceName}"));
+            }
+
+            var nowTime = DateTime.Now;
+            var resource = new Resource
+            {
+                UserID = userId,
+                ExamID = examId,
+                ResourceType = resourceType,
+                ResourcePurpose = resourcePurpose,
+                ResourceName = resourceName,
+                Path = duplicateResource == null ?
+                    Path.Combine(resourceType, nowTime.ToString("yyyyMMddHH"), resourceName) :
+                    duplicateResource.Path,
+                SHA256 = sha256,
+                MimeType = mimeType,
+                UploadTime = nowTime
+            };
+
+            var insertedId = _db.InsertWithIdentity(resource);
+            resource.ID = Convert.ToInt32(insertedId);
+
+            var writeRet = WriteBytesToPath(resource.Path, data);
+            if (writeRet.IsSuccessful && writeRet.Value)
+            {
+                logger.Info($"新资源已添加: {userId}/{resourceType}/{resourcePurpose}/{resourceName} ({data.Length} bytes)" +
+                           (examId != null ? $" [实验: {examId}]" : "") + $" [ID: {resource.ID}]");
+                return new(resource);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _db.ResourceTable.Where(r => r.ID == resource.ID).Delete();
+
+                logger.Error($"写入资源文件时出错: {writeRet.Error}");
+                return new(new Exception(writeRet.Error?.ToString() ?? $"写入失败"));
+            }
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"添加资源时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取资源信息列表（返回ID和名称）
+    /// <param name="resourceType">资源类型</param>
+    /// <param name="examId">实验ID（可选）</param>
+    /// <param name="resourcePurpose">资源用途（可选）</param>
+    /// <param name="userId">用户ID（可选）</param>
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>资源信息列表</returns>
+    public Result<(int ID, string Name)[]> GetResourceList(string resourceType, string? examId = null, string? resourcePurpose = null, Guid? userId = null)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var query = _db.ResourceTable.Where(r => r.ResourceType == resourceType);
+
+            if (examId != null)
+            {
+                query = query.Where(r => r.ExamID == examId);
+            }
+
+            if (resourcePurpose != null)
+            {
+                query = query.Where(r => r.ResourcePurpose == resourcePurpose);
+            }
+
+            if (userId != null)
+            {
+                query = query.Where(r => r.UserID == userId);
+            }
+
+            var resources = query
+                .Select(r => new { r.ID, r.ResourceName })
+                .ToArray();
+
+            var result = resources.Select(r => (r.ID, r.ResourceName)).ToArray();
+            logger.Info($"获取资源列表: {resourceType}" +
+                       (examId != null ? $"/{examId}" : "") +
+                       (resourcePurpose != null ? $"/{resourcePurpose}" : "") +
+                       (userId != null ? $"/{userId}" : "") +
+                       $"，共 {result.Length} 个资源");
+            return new(result);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"获取资源列表时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取完整的资源列表
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="examId">实验ID（可选）</param>
+    /// <param name="resourceType">资源类型（可选）</param>
+    /// <param name="resourcePurpose">资源用途（可选）</param>
+    /// <param name="userId">用户ID（可选）</param>
+    /// <returns>完整的资源对象列表</returns>
+    public Result<List<Resource>> GetFullResourceList(string? examId = null, string? resourceType = null, string? resourcePurpose = null, Guid? userId = null)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var query = _db.ResourceTable.AsQueryable();
+
+            if (examId != null)
+            {
+                query = query.Where(r => r.ExamID == examId);
+            }
+
+            if (resourceType != null)
+            {
+                query = query.Where(r => r.ResourceType == resourceType);
+            }
+
+            if (resourcePurpose != null)
+            {
+                query = query.Where(r => r.ResourcePurpose == resourcePurpose);
+            }
+
+            if (userId != null)
+            {
+                query = query.Where(r => r.UserID == userId);
+            }
+
+            var resources = query.OrderByDescending(r => r.UploadTime).ToList();
+            logger.Info($"获取完整资源列表" +
+                       (examId != null ? $" [实验: {examId}]" : "") +
+                       (resourceType != null ? $" [类型: {resourceType}]" : "") +
+                       (resourcePurpose != null ? $" [用途: {resourcePurpose}]" : "") +
+                       (userId != null ? $" [用户: {userId}]" : "") +
+                       $"，共 {resources.Count} 个资源");
+            return new(resources);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"获取完整资源列表时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据资源ID获取资源
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="resourceId">资源ID</param>
+    /// <returns>资源数据</returns>
+    public Result<Optional<Resource>> GetResourceById(int resourceId)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var resource = _db.ResourceTable.Where(r => r.ID == resourceId).FirstOrDefault();
+
+            if (resource == null)
+            {
+                logger.Info($"未找到资源: {resourceId}");
+                return new(Optional<Resource>.None);
+            }
+
+            logger.Info($"成功获取资源: {resourceId} ({resource.ResourceName})");
+            return new(resource);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"获取资源时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 删除资源
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="resourceId">资源ID</param>
+    /// <returns>删除的记录数</returns>
+    public Result<int> DeleteResource(int resourceId)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            var result = _db.ResourceTable.Where(r => r.ID == resourceId).Delete();
+            logger.Info($"资源已删除: {resourceId}，删除记录数: {result}");
+            return new(result);
+        }
+        catch (Exception ex)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"删除资源时出错: {ex.Message}");
+            return new(ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+}

server/src/Database/Type.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+using DotNext;
+using LinqToDB;
+using LinqToDB.Mapping;
+
+namespace Database;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 用户类，表示用户信息
+/// </summary>
+public class User
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户的唯一标识符
+    /// </summary>
+    [PrimaryKey]
+    public Guid ID { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户的名称
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string Name { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户的电子邮箱
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string EMail { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户的密码（应该进行哈希处理）
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string Password { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户权限等级
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required UserPermission Permission { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 绑定的实验板ID，如果未绑定则为空
+    /// </summary>
+    [Nullable]
+    public Guid BoardID { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户绑定板子的过期时间
+    /// </summary>
+    [Nullable]
+    public DateTime? BoardExpireTime { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 用户权限枚举
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum UserPermission
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 管理员权限，可以管理用户和实验板
+        /// </summary>
+        Admin,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 普通用户权限，只能使用实验板
+        /// </summary>
+        Normal,
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// FPGA 板子类，表示板子信息
+/// </summary>
+public class Board
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子的唯一标识符
+    /// </summary>
+    [PrimaryKey]
+    public Guid ID { get; set; } = Guid.NewGuid();
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子的名称
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string BoardName { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子的IP地址
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string IpAddr { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子的MAC地址
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string MacAddr { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子的通信端口
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public int Port { get; set; } = 1234;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子的当前状态
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required BoardStatus Status { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 占用该板子的用户的唯一标识符
+    /// </summary>
+    [Nullable]
+    public Guid OccupiedUserID { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 占用该板子的用户的用户名
+    /// </summary>
+    [Nullable]
+    public string? OccupiedUserName { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子的固件版本号
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public string FirmVersion { get; set; } = "1.0.0";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// FPGA 板子状态枚举
+    /// </summary>
+    public enum BoardStatus
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未启用状态，无法被使用
+        /// </summary>
+        Disabled,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 繁忙状态，正在被用户使用
+        /// </summary>
+        Busy,
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 可用状态，可以被分配给用户
+        /// </summary>
+        Available,
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 实验类，表示实验信息
+/// </summary>
+public class Exam
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验的唯一标识符
+    /// </summary>
+    [PrimaryKey]
+    public required string ID { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验名称
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string Name { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验描述
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string Description { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验创建时间
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public DateTime CreatedTime { get; set; } = DateTime.Now;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验最后更新时间
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public DateTime UpdatedTime { get; set; } = DateTime.Now;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验标签（以逗号分隔的字符串）
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public string Tags { get; set; } = "";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 实验难度（1-5，1为最简单）
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public int Difficulty { get; set; } = 1;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 普通用户是否可见
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public bool IsVisibleToUsers { get; set; } = true;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取标签列表
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>标签数组</returns>
+    public string[] GetTagsList()
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Tags))
+            return Array.Empty<string>();
+
+        return Tags.Split(',', StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
+                   .Select(tag => tag.Trim())
+                   .Where(tag => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(tag))
+                   .ToArray();
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 设置标签列表
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="tags">标签数组</param>
+    public void SetTagsList(string[] tags)
+    {
+        Tags = string.Join(",", tags.Where(tag => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tag)).Select(tag => tag.Trim()));
+    }
+}
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 资源类，统一管理实验资源、用户比特流等各类资源
+/// </summary>
+public class Resource
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源的唯一标识符
+    /// </summary>
+    [PrimaryKey, Identity]
+    public int ID { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 上传资源的用户ID
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required Guid UserID { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 所属实验ID（可选，如果不属于特定实验则为空）
+    /// </summary>
+    [Nullable]
+    public string? ExamID { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源类型（images, markdown, bitstream, diagram, project等）
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string ResourceType { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源用途：template（模板）或 user（用户上传）
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string ResourcePurpose { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源名称（包含文件扩展名）
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string ResourceName { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源路径（包含文件名和扩展名）
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string Path { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源SHA256哈希值
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public required string SHA256 { get; set; }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源创建/上传时间
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public DateTime UploadTime { get; set; } = DateTime.Now;
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源的MIME类型
+    /// </summary>
+    [NotNull]
+    public string MimeType { get; set; } = "application/octet-stream";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源类型枚举
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class ResourceTypes
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 图片资源类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string Images = "images";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Markdown文档资源类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string Markdown = "markdown";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 比特流文件资源类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string Bitstream = "bitstream";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 原理图资源类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string Diagram = "diagram";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 项目文件资源类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string Project = "project";
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 资源用途枚举
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class ResourcePurposes
+    {
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 模板资源，通常由管理员上传，供用户参考
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string Template = "template";
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 用户上传的资源
+        /// </summary>
+        public const string User = "user";
+    }
+}

server/src/Database/UserManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,458 @@
+using DotNext;
+using LinqToDB;
+using LinqToDB.Data;
+
+namespace Database;
+
+public class UserManager
+{
+    private static NLog.Logger logger = NLog.LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
+
+    private readonly AppDataConnection _db;
+
+    public UserManager(AppDataConnection db)
+    {
+        this._db = db;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 添加一个新的用户到数据库
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="name">用户的名称</param>
+    /// <param name="email">用户的电子邮箱地址</param>
+    /// <param name="password">用户的密码</param>
+    /// <returns>插入的记录数</returns>
+    public int AddUser(string name, string email, string password)
+    {
+        var user = new User()
+        {
+            Name = name,
+            EMail = email,
+            Password = password,
+            Permission = Database.User.UserPermission.Normal,
+        };
+        var result = _db.Insert(user);
+        logger.Info($"新用户已添加: {name} ({email})");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据用户名获取用户信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="name">用户名</param>
+    /// <returns>包含用户信息的结果，如果未找到或出错则返回相应状态</returns>
+    public Result<Optional<User>> GetUserByName(string name)
+    {
+        var user = _db.UserTable.Where((user) => user.Name == name).ToArray();
+
+        if (user.Length > 1)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"数据库中存在多个同名用户: {name}");
+            return new(new Exception($"数据库中存在多个同名用户: {name}"));
+        }
+
+        if (user.Length == 0)
+        {
+            logger.Info($"未找到用户: {name}");
+            return new(Optional<User>.None);
+        }
+
+        logger.Debug($"成功获取用户信息: {name}");
+        return new(user[0]);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据电子邮箱获取用户信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="email">用户的电子邮箱地址</param>
+    /// <returns>包含用户信息的结果，如果未找到或出错则返回相应状态</returns>
+    public Result<Optional<User>> GetUserByEMail(string email)
+    {
+        var user = _db.UserTable.Where((user) => user.EMail == email).ToArray();
+
+        if (user.Length > 1)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"数据库中存在多个相同邮箱的用户: {email}");
+            return new(new Exception($"数据库中存在多个相同邮箱的用户: {email}"));
+        }
+
+        if (user.Length == 0)
+        {
+            logger.Info($"未找到邮箱对应的用户: {email}");
+            return new(Optional<User>.None);
+        }
+
+        logger.Debug($"成功获取用户信息: {email}");
+        return new(user[0]);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 验证用户密码
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="name">用户名</param>
+    /// <param name="password">用户密码</param>
+    /// <returns>如果密码正确返回用户信息，否则返回空</returns>
+    public Result<Optional<User>> CheckUserPassword(string name, string password)
+    {
+        var ret = GetUserByName(name);
+        if (!ret.IsSuccessful)
+            return new(ret.Error);
+
+        if (!ret.Value.HasValue)
+            return new(Optional<User>.None);
+
+        var user = ret.Value.Value;
+
+        if (user.Password == password)
+        {
+            logger.Info($"用户 {name} 密码验证成功");
+            return new(user);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            logger.Warn($"用户 {name} 密码验证失败");
+            return new(Optional<User>.None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 绑定用户与实验板
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="userId">用户的唯一标识符</param>
+    /// <param name="boardId">实验板的唯一标识符</param>
+    /// <param name="expireTime">绑定过期时间</param>
+    /// <returns>更新的记录数</returns>
+    public int BindUserToBoard(Guid userId, Guid boardId, DateTime expireTime)
+    {
+        // 获取用户信息
+        var user = _db.UserTable.Where(u => u.ID == userId).FirstOrDefault();
+        if (user == null)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"未找到用户: {userId}");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // 更新用户的板子绑定信息
+        var userResult = _db.UserTable
+            .Where(u => u.ID == userId)
+            .Set(u => u.BoardID, boardId)
+            .Set(u => u.BoardExpireTime, expireTime)
+            .Update();
+
+        // 更新板子的用户绑定信息
+        var boardResult = _db.BoardTable
+            .Where(b => b.ID == boardId)
+            .Set(b => b.Status, Board.BoardStatus.Busy)
+            .Set(b => b.OccupiedUserID, userId)
+            .Set(b => b.OccupiedUserName, user.Name)
+            .Update();
+
+        logger.Info($"用户 {userId} ({user.Name}) 已绑定到实验板 {boardId}，过期时间: {expireTime}");
+        return userResult + boardResult;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 解除用户与实验板的绑定
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="userId">用户的唯一标识符</param>
+    /// <returns>更新的记录数</returns>
+    public int UnbindUserFromBoard(Guid userId)
+    {
+        // 获取用户当前绑定的板子ID
+        var user = _db.UserTable.Where(u => u.ID == userId).FirstOrDefault();
+        Guid boardId = user?.BoardID ?? Guid.Empty;
+
+        // 清空用户的板子绑定信息
+        var userResult = _db.UserTable
+            .Where(u => u.ID == userId)
+            .Set(u => u.BoardID, Guid.Empty)
+            .Set(u => u.BoardExpireTime, (DateTime?)null)
+            .Update();
+
+        // 如果用户原本绑定了板子，则清空板子的用户绑定信息
+        int boardResult = 0;
+        if (boardId != Guid.Empty)
+        {
+            boardResult = _db.BoardTable
+                .Where(b => b.ID == boardId)
+                .Set(b => b.Status, Board.BoardStatus.Available)
+                .Set(b => b.OccupiedUserID, Guid.Empty)
+                .Set(b => b.OccupiedUserName, (string?)null)
+                .Update();
+            logger.Info($"实验板 {boardId} 状态已设置为空闲，用户绑定信息已清空");
+        }
+
+        logger.Info($"用户 {userId} 已解除实验板绑定");
+        return userResult + boardResult;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 自动分配一个未被占用的IP地址
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>分配的IP地址字符串</returns>
+    public string AllocateIpAddr()
+    {
+        var usedIps = _db.BoardTable.Select(b => b.IpAddr).ToArray();
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 254; i++)
+        {
+            string ip = $"169.254.109.{i}";
+            if (!usedIps.Contains(ip))
+                return ip;
+        }
+        throw new Exception("没有可用的IP地址");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 自动分配一个未被占用的MAC地址
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>分配的MAC地址字符串</returns>
+    public string AllocateMacAddr()
+    {
+        var usedMacs = _db.BoardTable.Select(b => b.MacAddr).ToArray();
+        // 以 02-00-00-xx-xx-xx 格式分配，02 表示本地管理地址
+        for (int i = 1; i <= 0xFFFFFF; i++)
+        {
+            string mac = $"02-00-00-{(i >> 16) & 0xFF:X2}-{(i >> 8) & 0xFF:X2}-{i & 0xFF:X2}";
+            if (!usedMacs.Contains(mac))
+                return mac;
+        }
+        throw new Exception("没有可用的MAC地址");
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 添加一块新的 FPGA 板子到数据库
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="name">FPGA 板子的名称</param>
+    /// <returns>插入的记录数</returns>
+    public Guid AddBoard(string name)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) || name.Contains('\'') || name.Contains(';'))
+        {
+            logger.Error("实验板名称非法，包含不允许的字符");
+            throw new ArgumentException("实验板名称非法");
+        }
+        var board = new Board()
+        {
+            BoardName = name,
+            IpAddr = AllocateIpAddr(),
+            MacAddr = AllocateMacAddr(),
+            Status = Database.Board.BoardStatus.Disabled,
+        };
+        var result = _db.Insert(board);
+        logger.Info($"新实验板已添加: {name} ({board.IpAddr}:{board.MacAddr})");
+        return board.ID;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据名称删除实验板
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="name">实验板的名称</param>
+    /// <returns>删除的记录数</returns>
+    public int DeleteBoardByName(string name)
+    {
+        // 先获取要删除的板子信息
+        var board = _db.BoardTable.Where(b => b.BoardName == name).FirstOrDefault();
+        if (board == null)
+        {
+            logger.Warn($"未找到名称为 {name} 的实验板");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // 如果板子被占用，先解除绑定
+        if (board.OccupiedUserID != Guid.Empty)
+        {
+            _db.UserTable
+                .Where(u => u.ID == board.OccupiedUserID)
+                .Set(u => u.BoardID, Guid.Empty)
+                .Set(u => u.BoardExpireTime, (DateTime?)null)
+                .Update();
+            logger.Info($"已解除用户 {board.OccupiedUserID} 与实验板 {name} 的绑定");
+        }
+
+        var result = _db.BoardTable.Where(b => b.BoardName == name).Delete();
+        logger.Info($"实验板已删除: {name}，删除记录数: {result}");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据ID删除实验板
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="id">实验板的唯一标识符</param>
+    /// <returns>删除的记录数</returns>
+    public int DeleteBoardByID(Guid id)
+    {
+        // 先获取要删除的板子信息
+        var board = _db.BoardTable.Where(b => b.ID == id).FirstOrDefault();
+        if (board == null)
+        {
+            logger.Warn($"未找到ID为 {id} 的实验板");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // 如果板子被占用，先解除绑定
+        if (board.OccupiedUserID != Guid.Empty)
+        {
+            _db.UserTable
+                .Where(u => u.ID == board.OccupiedUserID)
+                .Set(u => u.BoardID, Guid.Empty)
+                .Set(u => u.BoardExpireTime, (DateTime?)null)
+                .Update();
+            logger.Info($"已解除用户 {board.OccupiedUserID} 与实验板 {id} 的绑定");
+        }
+
+        var result = _db.BoardTable.Where(b => b.ID == id).Delete();
+        logger.Info($"实验板已删除: {id}，删除记录数: {result}");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据实验板ID获取实验板信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="id">实验板的唯一标识符</param>
+    /// <returns>包含实验板信息的结果，如果未找到则返回空</returns>
+    public Result<Optional<Board>> GetBoardByID(Guid id)
+    {
+        var boards = _db.BoardTable.Where(board => board.ID == id).ToArray();
+
+        if (boards.Length > 1)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"数据库中存在多个相同ID的实验板: {id}");
+            return new(new Exception($"数据库中存在多个相同ID的实验板: {id}"));
+        }
+
+        if (boards.Length == 0)
+        {
+            logger.Info($"未找到ID对应的实验板: {id}");
+            return new(Optional<Board>.None);
+        }
+
+        logger.Debug($"成功获取实验板信息: {id}");
+        return new(boards[0]);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 根据用户名获取实验板信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="userName">用户名</param>
+    /// <returns>包含实验板信息的结果，如果未找到则返回空</returns>
+    public Result<Optional<Board>> GetBoardByUserName(string userName)
+    {
+        var boards = _db.BoardTable.Where(board => board.OccupiedUserName == userName).ToArray();
+
+        if (boards.Length > 1)
+        {
+            logger.Error($"数据库中存在多个相同用户名的实验板: {userName}");
+            return new(new Exception($"数据库中存在多个相同用户名的实验板: {userName}"));
+        }
+
+        if (boards.Length == 0)
+        {
+            logger.Info($"未找到用户名对应的实验板: {userName}");
+            return new(Optional<Board>.None);
+        }
+
+        logger.Debug($"成功获取实验板信息: {userName}");
+        return new(boards[0]);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取所有实验板信息
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <returns>所有实验板的数组</returns>
+    public Board[] GetAllBoard()
+    {
+        var boards = _db.BoardTable.ToArray();
+        logger.Debug($"获取所有实验板，共 {boards.Length} 块");
+        return boards;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 获取一块可用的实验板并将其状态设置为繁忙
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="userId">要分配板子的用户ID</param>
+    /// <param name="expireTime">绑定过期时间</param>
+    /// <returns>可用的实验板，如果没有可用的板子则返回空</returns>
+    public Optional<Board> GetAvailableBoard(Guid userId, DateTime expireTime)
+    {
+        var boards = _db.BoardTable.Where(
+                (board) => board.Status == Database.Board.BoardStatus.Available
+            ).ToArray();
+
+        if (boards.Length == 0)
+        {
+            logger.Warn("没有可用的实验板");
+            return new(null);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            var board = boards[0];
+            var user = _db.UserTable.Where(u => u.ID == userId).FirstOrDefault();
+
+            if (user == null)
+            {
+                logger.Error($"未找到用户: {userId}");
+                return new(null);
+            }
+
+            // 更新板子状态和用户绑定信息
+            _db.BoardTable
+                .Where(target => target.ID == board.ID)
+                .Set(target => target.Status, Board.BoardStatus.Busy)
+                .Set(target => target.OccupiedUserID, userId)
+                .Set(target => target.OccupiedUserName, user.Name)
+                .Update();
+
+            // 更新用户的板子绑定信息
+            _db.UserTable
+                .Where(u => u.ID == userId)
+                .Set(u => u.BoardID, board.ID)
+                .Set(u => u.BoardExpireTime, expireTime)
+                .Update();
+
+            board.Status = Database.Board.BoardStatus.Busy;
+            board.OccupiedUserID = userId;
+            board.OccupiedUserName = user.Name;
+
+            logger.Info($"实验板 {board.BoardName} ({board.ID}) 已分配给用户 {user.Name} ({userId})，过期时间: {expireTime}");
+            return new(board);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// [TODO:description]
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="boardId">[TODO:parameter]</param>
+    /// <param name="newName">[TODO:parameter]</param>
+    /// <returns>[TODO:return]</returns>
+    public int UpdateBoardName(Guid boardId, string newName)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(newName) || newName.Contains('\'') || newName.Contains(';'))
+        {
+            logger.Error("实验板名称非法，包含不允许的字符");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        var result = _db.BoardTable
+            .Where(b => b.ID == boardId)
+            .Set(b => b.BoardName, newName)
+            .Update();
+        logger.Info($"实验板名称已更新: {boardId} -> {newName}");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// [TODO:description]
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="boardId">[TODO:parameter]</param>
+    /// <param name="newStatus">[TODO:parameter]</param>
+    /// <returns>[TODO:return]</returns>
+    public int UpdateBoardStatus(Guid boardId, Board.BoardStatus newStatus)
+    {
+        var result = _db.BoardTable
+            .Where(b => b.ID == boardId)
+            .Set(b => b.Status, newStatus)
+            .Update();
+        logger.Info($"TODO");
+        return result;
+    }
+
+}